在使用docker的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常需要借助一些基礎(chǔ)鏡像來(lái)進(jìn)一步二次定制，比如centos鏡像、ubunt鏡像，那么如果要自己定義一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)鏡像應(yīng)該如何做呢，有兩種方法，這兩種方法都是參考網(wǎng)絡(luò)上以及自己實(shí)踐后確實(shí)可用的方法，本例子以麒麟操作系統(tǒng)為例子，推薦方法二
1、創(chuàng)建任意一個(gè)目錄并進(jìn)入此目錄(不可在/root下創(chuàng)建)，命令如下：
mkdir -p /opt/kylin && cd /opt/kylini
2、創(chuàng)建基礎(chǔ)目錄，命令如下：
3、copy系統(tǒng)相關(guān)文件到usr路徑下，命令如下:
cp -a /usr/lib /usr/lib64 /usr/bin /usr/share usr/
4、按照當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)來(lái)創(chuàng)建軟鏈，命令如下：
ln -s usr/lib libln -s usr/lib64 lib64ln -s usr/bin bin
6、刪除一些非必要腳本，否則執(zhí)行chroot .會(huì)提示Error: /proc must be mounted，如下：
rm -rf etc/profile.d/flatpak.sh etc/profile.d/gawk.csh etc/profile.d/gawk.sh etc/profile.d/lang.csh etc/profile.d/lang.sh etc/profile.d/system-info.sh
7、全部操作完成后文件目錄結(jié)構(gòu)如圖所示：
8、執(zhí)行chroot . 命令，測(cè)試鏡像目錄是否有問(wèn)題，已進(jìn)入容器，如圖：
cd ..tar -C kylin/ -zc . -f kylin-docker.tar.gz 或者tar -zcvf kylin-docker.tar.gz -C kylin/ .
10、編寫(xiě)Dockerfile文件，定制鏡像，如下：
FROM scratchADD kylin-docker.tar.gz /LABEL \ org.label-schema.schema-version="1.0" \ org.label-schema.name="Kylin Base Image" \ org.label-schema.vendor="Kylin" \ org.label-schema.license="GPLv2" \ org.label-schema.build-date="20230629" \ org.opencontainers.image.title="Kylin v10 Image" \ org.opencontainers.image.vendor="Kylin" \ org.opencontainers.image.licenses="GPL-2.0-only" \ org.opencontainers.image.created="2022-06-29 00:00:00+00:00"CMD ["/bin/bash"]
docker build -t kylin-v10 .
從上圖可以看出，通過(guò)此方法制作的鏡像偏大
方法二，直接通過(guò)腳本(來(lái)源GitHub并二次修改)，推薦此種方法制作#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e
usage() { cat << EOOPTS$(basename $0) [OPTIONS] <name>OPTIONS: -p "<packages>" The list of packages to install in the container. The default is blank. Can use multiple times. -g "<groups>" The groups of packages to install in the container. The default is "Core". Can use multiple times. -y <yumconf> The path to the yum config to install packages from. The default is /etc/yum.conf for Centos/RHEL and /etc/dnf/dnf.conf for Fedora -t <tag> Specify Tag information. default is referred at /etc/{redhat,system}-releaseEOOPTS exit 1}
yum_config=/etc/yum.confif [ -f /etc/dnf/dnf.conf ] && command -v dnf &> /dev/null; then yum_config=/etc/dnf/dnf.conf alias yum=dnffiinstall_groups=()install_packages=()version=while getopts ":y:p:g:t:h" opt; do case $opt in y) yum_config=$OPTARG ;; h) usage ;; p) install_packages+=("$OPTARG") ;; g) install_groups+=("$OPTARG") ;; t) version="$OPTARG" ;; \?) echo "Invalid option: -$OPTARG" usage ;; esacdoneshift $((OPTIND - 1))name=$1
if [[ -z $name ]]; then usagefi
if [ ${#install_groups[*]} -eq 0 ]; then install_groups=('Core')fi
target=$(mktemp -d --tmpdir=/root $(basename $0).XXXXXX)
set -x
mkdir -m 755 "$target"/devmknod -m 600 "$target"/dev/console c 5 1mknod -m 600 "$target"/dev/initctl pmknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/full c 1 7mknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/null c 1 3mknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/ptmx c 5 2mknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/random c 1 8mknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/tty c 5 0mknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/tty0 c 4 0mknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/urandom c 1 9mknod -m 666 "$target"/dev/zero c 1 5
if [ -d /etc/yum/vars ]; then mkdir -p -m 755 "$target"/etc/yum cp -a /etc/yum/vars "$target"/etc/yum/fi
if [[ -n "$install_groups" ]]; then yum -c "$yum_config" --installroot="$target" --releasever=/ --setopt=tsflags=nodocs \ --setopt=group_package_types=mandatory -y groupinstall "${install_groups[@]}"fi
if [[ -n "$install_packages" ]]; then yum -c "$yum_config" --installroot="$target" --releasever=/ --setopt=tsflags=nodocs \ --setopt=group_package_types=mandatory -y install "${install_packages[@]}"fi
yum -c "$yum_config" --installroot="$target" -y clean all
cat > "$target"/etc/sysconfig/network << EOFNETWORKING=yesHOSTNAME=localhost.localdomainEOF
rm -rf "$target"/usr/{{lib,share}/locale,{lib,lib64}/gconv,bin/localedef,sbin/build-locale-archive}rm -rf "$target"/usr/share/{man,doc,info,gnome/help}rm -rf "$target"/usr/share/cracklibrm -rf "$target"/usr/share/i18nrm -rf "$target"/var/cache/yummkdir -p --mode=0755 "$target"/var/cache/yumrm -rf "$target"/sbin/slnrm -rf "$target"/etc/ld.so.cache "$target"/var/cache/ldconfigmkdir -p --mode=0755 "$target"/var/cache/ldconfig
if [ -z "$version" ]; then for file in "$target"/etc/{kylin,system}-release; do if [ -r "$file" ]; then version="$(sed 's/^[^0-9\]*\([0-9.]\+\).*$/\1/' "$file")" break fi donefi
if [ -z "$version" ]; then echo >&2 "warning: cannot autodetect OS version, using '$name' as tag" version=$namefi
tar --numeric-owner -c -C "$target" . | docker import - $name:$version
rm -rf "$target"
注意：第129行需要修改為自己系統(tǒng)的release，可通過(guò)cat /etc/kylin-release命令查看./mkimage-yum.sh -y /etc/yum.conf kylinv10
從上圖可以看出，通過(guò)腳本方式做成的鏡像體積更小一些，如果想體積更小一些，可通過(guò)刪除系統(tǒng)內(nèi)不用的軟件包實(shí)現(xiàn)，具體可根據(jù)需求自行實(shí)現(xiàn)
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該文章在 2025/7/1 23:22:07 編輯過(guò)
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